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GHK-Cu addresses each of these issues through specific biological mechanisms

Clopidogrel is inactive when administered It must be metabolized in the liver (mainly by CYP2C19) into an active thiol metabolite The active metabolite then produces the antiplatelet effect Mechanism of action The active metabolite irreversibly inhibits the P2Y ADP receptor on platelets This prevents platelet activation and aggregation Clinical uses Prevention of ischemic stroke Prevention of myocardial infarction Postcoronary stent placement Alternative to aspirin in aspirin intolerance Delayed onset compared to aspirin (because activation is required) Reduced efficacy in patients with CYP2C19 deficiency or when taken with CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) Effect lasts for the life of the platelet (710 days) Clopidogrel = Prodrug Aspirin = Active drug Prasugrel, Ticagrelor antiplatelets (note: ticagrelor is NOT a prodrug) To view or add a comment, sign in With respect to gliptins and Parkinson's disease, which statement is false

Curr Top Med Chem 2018;18:494-504