metformin a glp 1 Metformin-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion contributes to the actions of in type 2 diabetes Clinical Focus on GLP-1 Agonists

Because GGT elevations correlated in a relatively tight and dose-dependent relationship with the outcomes tracked in both of these studies, these findings are suggestive of an underlying mechanism of causation

Protection against nephropathy with fenofibrate in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the FIELD study

106 Oxidative stress is caused by skewing of the redox balance in the intracellular and extracellular environments

Science 276:16991702, PMID: 9180080 Takaki J, Fujimori K, Miura M, Suzuki T, Sekino Y, Sato K (2012) l-glutamate released from activated microglia downregulates astrocytic l-glutamate transporter expression in neuroinflammation: the collusion hypothesis for increased extracellular l-glutamate concentration in neuroinflammation