Abbreviations CM: Citrulline malate NO: Nitric oxide ATP: Adenosine triphosphate MAS: Malate aspartate shuttle MDH: Malate dehydrogenase NIRS: Near infrared spectroscopy PFK: Phosphofructokinase TCA: Tricarboxylic acid HR: Heart rate GI: Gastrointestinal GVT: German volume training VO 2peak : Peak oxygen consumption EMG: Electromyography References Agudelo LZ, Ferreira DM, Dadvar S, Cervenka I, Ketscher L, Izadi M, Ruas JL (2019) Skeletal muscle PGC-11 reroutes kynurenine metabolism to increase energy efficiency and fatigue-resistance
Excess ROS impairs IRS phosphorylation and attenuates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, leading to diminished glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemia (72)
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Furthermore, intervention effects of different doses and formulations were not examined in subgroup analysis due to the paucity of available data, and our conclusions regarding exenatide or liraglutide interventions compared to sitagliptin in subgroup analysis were not robust enough because of the small number of relevant trials