Metabolic Health Board-certified physician specializing in metabolic health and nutritional wellness, with a focus on telemedicine
(In Italian) Clinica Terapeutica 1994

1 Introduction The escalating prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has resulted in significant disability, exorbitant complications and even reduced life expectancy ( Obesity is the strongest risk factor for T2D as it causes insulin resistance, a key driver in development of T2D ( Given the strong association between obesity and T2D, weight loss in people with T2D may have favourable effects on glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular-metabolic comorbidities ( In recent years, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogues (GLP-1 RAs) has revolutionised the treatment of T2D, as they have shown remarkable efficacy in reducing blood glucose levels while promoting substantial weight loss and weight maintenance, allowing for improved disease management ( Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is the other major incretin hormone ( Tirzepatide, a novel dual agonist of GIP and GLP-1 receptors, is currently undergoing development for the management of T2D and obesity ( To date, only one systematic review and meta-analysis has examined the association between tirzepatide and pancreatitis and cholelithiasis, and its results were limited to cholelithiasis and did not include other biliary or gallbladder diseases such as cholecystitis and cholangitis

While generally well-tolerated, some potential side effects or risks have been observed in GHK-Cu research, particularly with higher concentrations or in subjects with sensitive skin