Ferraro E, Giammarioli AM, Caldarola S, Lista P, Feraco A, Tinari A, et al
Suppression of gastric acid secretion by omeprazole reduces intestinal absorption of zinc.[232] This study indicates that intragastric pH and salt solubility-dissolution are important in the oral absorption of zinc.[233] Further, in vitro studies have confirmed the dependency of folate absorption on intraluminal pH.[235] In one study, when folate was given to achlorhydric patients (with no stomach acid) along with an HCl supplement, absorption of folate increased by 54%.[235] Although there is currently no available research on PPI risk of malabsorption of other nutrients, given that gastrointestinal pH plays an important role in absorption of various vitamins and minerals, one has to consider the probability that the absorption of other nutrients are affected as well
This is because theyre able to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, according to a study published in Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
Additionally, metformin boosts the relative presence of Lactobacillus spp