DOI: Published online: May 1, 2025 1 Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 4 Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5 Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Korea 6 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Corresponding author: Hyung Jin Choi Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea E-mail: [email protected] Copyright 2025 Korean Diabetes Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

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L-Arginine Feature L-Arginine L-Carnitine Main Action Boosts nitric oxide, improves blood flow(by vasodilation) Supports energy and blood flow, helps NO indirectly Best For Mild ED, first natural step Poor response to ED meds, vascular/metabolic ED Typical Dose 2.56 g/day 2,000 mg/day (propionyl/acetyl) Adverse effects Generally safe Generally safe Citrulline supplements vs L-arginine Feature L-Arginine L-Citrulline Supplements How it works Direct NO precursor Converts to L-arginine, then NO Typical Dose 1,5006,000 mg/day 1,500 mg/day (studied) Side Effects GI discomfort, diarrhea (at high doses) Well-tolerated Best Use Mild-moderate ED Mild ED, or if L-arginine is ineffective L-Arginine vs
UV Treatments for Psoriasis To better understand the difference between in-office UV light treatments for psoriasis and using tanning beds, it is important to first understand the different types of UV light