Ingersoll GL, Wasilewski A, Haller M, Pandya K, Bennett J, He H, Hoffmire C, Berry C
3.1.2 Indirect effects Indirect probiotic interaction with epithelial cells involves a variety of metabolites such as exopolysaccharides, bile acid derivatives, and SCFAs, which play significant roles in the preservation of intestinal homeostasis, immune system regulation, and strengthening of the epithelial barrier
The primary mechanism involves delivery of copper ions to copper-dependent enzymes that are essential for connective tissue repair: lysyl oxidase, which crosslinks collagen and elastin fibers to create structural tensile strength
Prescription doses can be up to 4g/day.[ref] With the research pointing to CD44 and increased liver damage markers, researchers used mouse models and human genetics to understand which SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) causes the increased risk.[ref][ref] What is CD44