The primary mechanisms of action include: Enhancing insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner, which helps lower blood glucose levels without causing excessive hypoglycaemia Suppressing glucagon release from pancreatic alpha cells, reducing hepatic glucose production Slowing gastric emptying , which prolongs the feeling of fullness after meals Acting on appetite centres in the brain , particularly the hypothalamus, to reduce hunger and food intake Most GLP-1 receptor agonists are administered via subcutaneous injection, with dosing frequencies ranging from once daily to once weekly depending on the specific formulation
Dairy, fatty fish, and supplementation should be built into the plan rather than left to chance from week to week
Partanen J, Pohjola-Sintonen S, Makijarvi M
In practice, this often includes women with obesity (e.g., BMI 30 kg/m 2 )or those close to this threshold with clinically meaningful IR and/or metabolic comorbidities such as MASLD or impaired glucose tolerancewho have a defined plan for conception or ART within the next year