Within minutes after a meal, GLP-1 is released from the L cells in the ileum and colon and regulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner
The presence of GLP-1R in MCs has been confirmed by multiple research groups, including our own 5,15,16 and ex vivo data have shown that MCs increase their action potential firing frequency after the addition of both GLP-1 and the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 17
Despite this, the salient role of overall vagal signaling in energy homeostasis has been established, as surgical or chemical ablation of vagal afferent signaling decreases acute sensitivity to intestinal nutrients, leading to increased food intake and reduced NTS neural activation 23,24,42,43,44
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