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How It's Measured: TOC is measured using online TOC analyzers or by collecting samples for laboratory analysis

Specifically, high homocysteine inhibits complex I-III, directly impacting the ability of mitochondria to produce ATP.[ref] High homocysteine and chronic diseases: High homocysteine can cause chronic health conditions by: Increasing oxidative stress Causing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress Incorporation into proteins in the place of methionine Mendelian randomization studies can be used to show a cause-and-effect relationship between a marker, such as homocysteine, and a disease

Peixoto, P

Merola et al